Project Syndicate is returning to Climate Week NYC with an even more expansive program. Join us live on September 22 as we welcome speakers from around the world at our studio in Manhattan to address critical dimensions of the climate debate.
通过向更发达的市场经济体牺牲已经完成它们目标的成长经济体的需要,欧洲委员会正在制造无效率和降低欧盟气候变化政策和其共同市场的效力。因为欧盟15国占欧盟所有温室气体排放量的80%左右,它们应该在欧盟的气候变化政策中起主导作用。现在是它们做出更进一步努力的时候了。The intention of the Kyoto Protocol was to limit temperature rises to 2°C above pre-industrial levels. By 2050 global GHG emissions need to be half of 1990's level to avoid surpassing this. With the failure of the EU-15 to honor its Kyoto commitment and the EU-15 switching to less ambitious emission reduction targets currently this seems out of reach.
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Kishore Mahbubani
offers advice to Western diplomats attempting to engage with Asia, identifies risks to the region’s stability, highlights Singapore’s lessons for developing-country leaders, and more.
The implications of the deepening Sino-American rift are far-reaching, because several of the world’s most pressing economic problems can be solved only with contributions from both countries. And, to address global challenges, active cooperation between the two economic powers is indispensable.
hopes that political will on both sides catches up with the opporunities for cooperation that now exist.
If the new "industrial strategy" is offering ideas for better public governance, it is useful. But it becomes positively dangerous when it turns to the private sector, where state interventions inevitably undermine competition, disrupt price signals, and dampen the motivation to innovate.
sees little reason to support the case for renewed government interventions in the private sector.
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里加-在过去的每一年,迫近的全球变暖危机步步进逼。已经没有时间采取预防性措施了。欧盟有一个“20-20-20”计划,其目标是:到2020年,与1990年的温室气体(GHG)排放量水平相比,减少20%,同时,增加可再生资源的使用量使其达到20%。这个计划真的可行吗?
欧盟表面上长期以来支持阻止气候变化的行动。在1994年,欧盟承诺按照京都议定书的要求减少温室气体排放量并于2002年批准了该协议。欧盟15国承诺到2010年减少8%的温室气体排放量。
每一个没有批准京都议定书的工业化国家,特别是美国,都被批评为是“对环境不负责任”的国家。
但是在1990年到2005年间的15年间,欧盟15国的温室气体排放量仅仅减少了2%,并且现在很明显,欧盟15国将不会履行它们的京都议定书承诺。欧盟15国中只有5个国家在按照既定的计划来达到它们的目标。在最好的情况下,到2010年,欧盟15国可以减少4.6%的温室气体排放量。
欧盟15国没有达到它们的京都议定书目标并不是一个很大的意外。但是,令人意外的是欧盟15国把它们的失败努力推销成一个成功。
在2007年三月20-20-20承诺被通过的时候,这个决定被作为欧盟气候变化政策的又一个成功向公众大力宣传和兜售。接着欧盟理事会主席安吉拉·默克尔把它称为一个“突破”,欧洲委员会主席若泽·曼努埃尔·巴罗佐宣布它是“历史上最有雄心的一揽子计划”。
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但是,当要在欧盟成员国之间分担排放量削减份额的时候,欧洲委员会在2008一月份提议将基准年从1990年改为2005年。这个方案-在最近的欧盟理事会上被作为谈判的基础通过-总体上允许一些成员国可以不履行它们按理应当履行的京都议定书排放量分担目标。
这样做的原因很简单:欧盟12国-在2004被接纳为新成员的国家-已经比原欧盟15国做得好。新成员国没有就集体的京都议定书目标达成共识,但是作为一个群体,它们计划到2010年,比 1990年削减大约20%的排放量。
例如,拉脱维亚,立陶宛和爱沙尼亚已经努力在2005使其温室气体排放量和1990年相比,减少了一半。这部分是因为苏联式的污染严重的工业的瓦解。但是,在将绝对排放水平基准年从1990年变为2005年的时候,欧洲委员会似乎在急切的向已经是环境效率最高的欧盟成员国推行非常大的消减目标的同时,也在努力掩盖欧盟15国的失败。
通过向更发达的市场经济体牺牲已经完成它们目标的成长经济体的需要,欧洲委员会正在制造无效率和降低欧盟气候变化政策和其共同市场的效力。因为欧盟15国占欧盟所有温室气体排放量的80%左右,它们应该在欧盟的气候变化政策中起主导作用。现在是它们做出更进一步努力的时候了。The intention of the Kyoto Protocol was to limit temperature rises to 2°C above pre-industrial levels. By 2050 global GHG emissions need to be half of 1990's level to avoid surpassing this. With the failure of the EU-15 to honor its Kyoto commitment and the EU-15 switching to less ambitious emission reduction targets currently this seems out of reach.