Since the 1990s, Western companies have invested a fortune in the Chinese economy, and tens of thousands of Chinese students have studied in US and European universities or worked in Western companies. None of this made China more democratic, and now it is heading toward an economic showdown with the US.
argue that the strategy of economic engagement has failed to mitigate the Chinese regime’s behavior.
While Chicago School orthodoxy says that humans can’t beat markets, behavioral economists insist that it’s humans who make markets, which means that humans can strive to improve their functioning. Which claim you believe has important implications for both economic theory and financial regulation.
uses Nobel laureate Robert J. Shiller’s work to buttress the case for a behavioral approach to economics.
维也纳—对大部分人来说,承诺是期望获得某物的理由,是不言自明的合理希望。我们来看一个这种类型的承诺,它将科学与社会联系在一起:公众相信,科学和技术进步是迈向更好世界的不确定性之路上的指南针,未来子孙后代能活得更长、更健康、更幸福。
这一承诺的起源可以追溯到近400年前现代科学实现制度化之时。在发现数学可以用来理解物理世界后,一小撮自然哲学家转向了带实用目标的实验经验主义。在这一小撮人的带领下,科学革命横扫欧洲,并在随后传向全世界。
现代科学最坚定的支持者弗朗西斯·培根在其著作《大复兴》(Instauratio Magna)中描绘了一个新世界,这个世界来自对自然现象的系统性研究。培根说,通过效仿和改变大自然,它的秘密会被披露——并能加以操纵从而改善人类生活。培根对利用自然原因的科学理解来“影响所有可能的事物”——即现在所谓的创新——的务实目标是科学对社会的最初的承诺,后来成为启蒙时代的核心。
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