

Though Polish voters in October ousted their right-wing populist government, recent elections in Slovakia and the Netherlands show that populism remains as malign and potent a political force as ever in Europe. But these outcomes also hold important lessons for the United States, where the specter of Donald Trump’s return to the White House haunts the runup to the 2024 presidential election.
华盛顿—说一个国家。它的领导人怒“怼”外国人,树立各种进口壁垒,还为他所偏爱的行业推动低利率和各种便宜信贷。政府债务已经很高了,但这位掌了权的所谓的强人仍决定提高预算赤字,从而增加更多债务,说这能够让繁荣达到此前无法达到的水平。政府声称代表普通老百姓,但国家合同都给了“朋友圈”。
答案当然是,这是庇隆及其多位继任者治下的阿根廷。庇隆在1946—1955年间掌权(以及1973—1974年再度短暂掌权)。这个在1900年前后跻身世界最富裕行列的国家,因为几十年来的不可持续的经济政策而衰落,这些政策让人们在短期感觉良好,但最终以灾难收场,引发诸如失控的通胀、金融危机和时不时的债务违约等事件。(澄清:今天的阿根廷的经济政策已经大不相同,深度的最新分析我推荐我的同事阿尔贝托·卡瓦洛(Alberto Cavallo)的工作。)
但如果你的答案是特朗普总统治下的美国,也不算太离谱。有理由担心美国现在正走在此前被称为拉丁美洲民粹主义的道路上。
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