Despite an increasingly challenging economic and geopolitical environment, the global economy performed better than expected over the past year. But although analysts’ projections for 2023 were too pessimistic, it appears that consensus forecasts for the coming year may have have swung too far in the opposite direction.
worries that domestic political divisions and market volatility could exacerbate financial vulnerabilities.
If COP28 is to be judged a success, the UAE, as the summit’s host, and other hydrocarbon producers should promise to dedicate some of the windfall oil and gas profits they earned last year to accelerating the green transition in the Global South. Doing so could encourage historic and current emitters to pay their fair share.
urges oil-exporting countries to kickstart a program of green investment in the Global South at COP28.
伦敦一种不祥的预感笼罩着本月在华盛顿举行的国际货币基金组织和世界银行年度会议。但真正的原因并不是对全球衰退的恐惧。尽管货币基金组织最新发布的世界经济展望显示,今年的经济活动放缓至2009年来的最低水平,但预测全球增长率达3%仍远远高于过去的衰退,并且与世界绝大部分地区不错的经济状况相一致——对全球持续扩张的第11个年头来说,这并不是一件坏事。而国际货币基金组织预测明年的增长率会加速至3.4%,这一结果已经非常接近世界经济长期可持续发展趋势3.6%的预期。
有人可能认为,国际货币基金组织明年的增长率反弹预测可信度有限,而这仅仅是因为所有经济模型的设计方式决定了它们往往会回归长期平均趋势。但2019年数据却截然不同而且更加可信。截止今年这个阶段,2019年“预测”基本反应了已经收集到的数据。因此,相关数据大致反应了现实状况,如美中贸易战、德国汽车生产崩溃以及人们对英国无协议脱欧的恐惧。
2019年预测证实了我在国际货币基金组织上一次数据迭代后所描述的相对温和的状况。尽管爆发了贸易战,但美中两国均没有出现任何真正的经济衰退:自去年10月以来,两国的增长率均被下调了在统计上无关紧要的0.1%。日本的经济状况也没有发生改变,而亚洲其他地区也仅呈略有放缓的态势。欧洲是今年世界经济主要的问题领域,欧元区经济增长预期被从1.9%下调至1.2%,幅度超过1/3,而德国更是从1.9%直接下调至接近衰退的0.5%。
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