At the end of European Communism, there was a widespread, euphoric hope that freedom and democracy would bring a better life; eventually, though, many lost that hope. The problem, under both Communism and the new liberal dispensation, was that those pursuing grand social projects had embraced ideology instead of philosophy.
considers what an Albanian Marxist philosopher can tell us about liberty in today's world.
For the US, Slovakia's general election may produce another unreliable allied government. But instead of turning a blind eye to such allies, as President Joe Biden has been doing with Poland, or confronting them with an uncompromising stance, the US should spearhead efforts to help mend flawed democracies.
reflect on the outcome of Slovakia's general election in the run-up to Poland's decisive vote.
发自牛津—在新闻获取来源不同的情况下,你对美国总统特朗普弹劾调查前因后果的看法可能与身边朋友,亲戚或邻居截然不同,甚至可能还会认为与你所见所闻相抵触的其他故事版本都是不真实的。在基本事实层面上的共识缺失——这在很大程度上是社交媒体的副产品——催生了严重的风险,而且解决这一问题的措施还远远不够。
近些年来,提高“媒体素养”的必要性已成为那些试图在数字时代抗击错误信息者最常挂在嘴边的告诫之辞——尤其是在不加强监管脸书和谷歌等科技巨头的情况下。他们的逻辑是如果人们都能足够的媒体知识,就能够去伪存真,而坚持报道品质的新闻媒介也将占据上风。
这种说法是有些道理的。正如开车必须先了解当地交通法规才风险较小那样,在新数字媒体环境中穿行——不仅要躲开“假新闻”,还要避免在线骚扰,非自愿(“报复式”)暴露照片传播和仇恨言论——也需要足够的知识和意识。因此在全球范围内大力提高媒体素养至关重要。自由,可靠且独立的新闻媒体是任何民主体制得以良好运转的基石,对于使选民做出明智决定并对民选领导人实施问责至关重要。有鉴于此,媒体素养的提升必须成为更宏大民主素养提升运动的组成部分。
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