Rather than seeing themselves as the arbiters of divine precepts, Supreme Court justices after World War II generally understood that constitutional jurisprudence must respond to the realities of the day. Yet today's conservatives have seized on the legacy of one of the few justices who did not.
considers the complicated legacy of a progressive jurist whom conservatives now champion.
In October 2022, Chileans elected a far-left constitutional convention which produced a text so bizarrely radical that nearly two-thirds of voters rejected it. Now Chileans have elected a new Constitutional Council and put a far-right party in the driver’s seat.
blames Chilean President Gabriel Boric's coalition for the rapid rise of far right populist José Antonio Kast.
发自纽约——在大多数业界领军人物都未能预测2008年全球金融危机之后,经济学界遭受了当头一棒,并在此后一直努力挽回颜面。然而出现异常低迷且不平等增长的可不仅仅是危机发生后的那几年;如今我们也在目睹着越来越多经济学家无法轻易解释的经济和金融现象。
正如曾在2008年11月质问为何没有人看到危机来临的英女王伊丽莎白二世一样,许多民众对经济学家解释和预测经济发展的能力越来越持怀疑态度,更别提为政策制定者提供合理指导了。一些调查将经济学家列为最不值得信赖的专业人士(当然依然排在政治家之后,不过他们也早就对经济学家失去信任了)。扎实的经济学训练不再被视为就任财政部和中央银行高级职位的必备条件。这一边缘化状况进一步削弱了经济学家对那些与其专业才能(他们谓之为拥有比较和绝对优势)直接相关的问题的决策提供咨询和施加影响的能力。
而该行业的声誉下滑在很大程度上要归咎于对其自身所谓正统学说的过度依赖。借助对跨学科方法的更开放应用以及对现有分析工具——尤其是行为科学和博弈论工具——的广泛使用,主流经济学是可以着手克服其缺点的。
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