Since 1960, only a few countries in Latin America have narrowed the gap between their per capita income and that of the United States, while most of the region has lagged far behind. Making up for lost ground will require a coordinated effort, involving both technocratic tinkering and bold political leadership.
explain what it will take finally to achieve economic convergence with advanced economies.
Between now and the end of this decade, climate-related investments need to increase by orders of magnitude to keep the world on track toward achieving even more ambitious targets by mid-century. Fortunately, if done right, such investments could usher in an entirely new and better economy.
explains what it will take to mobilize capital for the net-zero transition worldwide.
首尔—从中国到印度,近几十年来亚洲国家的高速经济扩张让数亿人摆脱了贫困。但最近,收入分配出现恶化,如今亚洲的不平等性甚至比西方发达经济体还要严重。
从1990年到2012年,中国净基尼系数——衡量(税收和转移支付后)收入不平等性的常用指标——从0.37大幅上升至0.51(零代表完全品更,一代表完全不平等)。印度净基尼系数也从0.43上升到0.48。即使是此前“平等地”增长的“亚洲四小龙”——香港、新加坡、韩国和台湾——最近也面临不平等性上升的局面。比如,韩国顶层10%所得到的收入占比从1995年的29%升高到2013年的45%。
不平等性恶化趋势背后的推动力量,正是近几十年来推动亚洲经济增长的力量:高歌猛进的全球化和技术进步。日益开放的边境让企业更容易寻找最便宜的地方开展业务。特别是,中国进入全球市场给其他地区的低技能生产工人造成了工资压力。
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