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莫斯科—美国总统特朗普最近宣称四位民主党有色国会女议员—阿雅娜·佩雷斯利(Ayanna Pressley)、亚历山德里亚·奥卡西奥-克尔特兹(Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez)、伊尔汗·奥马尔(Ilhan Omar)和拉西达·塔莱布(Rashida Tlaib)应该“滚回”她们的国家,这再次证明了他赤裸裸的种族主义和性别歧视。(其中三人出生于美国,另一位十几岁时成为美国公民。)但这也突显出妇女政治地位的日益显赫—这一趋势将继续保持下去,不论特朗普之流如何噤若寒蝉。
一个世纪前,在欧洲,妇女参政先锋——如伊涅萨·埃尔曼德(Inessa Armand)、罗莎·卢森堡(Rosa Luxemburg)和克拉拉·泽钦(Clara Zetkin)等——别无选择,只能求助权势男性认可自己的雄心。其中一位男性是苏联领导人列宁,他号召消灭“将妇女置于与男性不对等地位的就法律。”埃尔曼德(据说)与列宁有一段罗曼史,而泽钦在1920年就“妇女问题”访问了列宁。在此之前的1919年,列宁发表了关于“苏维埃共和国的职业妇女运动的任务”的讲话。
这一策略不难理解,但收效甚微。列宁认定只有社会主义——及其人人平等的承诺——能够解放妇女。“只要资本的力量存在,”他在1919年的讲话中说,“男性就将保持特权。”
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