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伯克利—中国通过其雄心勃勃的中国制造2025战略，明确了其确保发达科技行业全球经济领导地位的目标。这个位置与美国构成了直接竞争——美国是这些行业当前的领导者——目前，一场没有宣布但在不但加剧的冷战正在浮现，而双方争夺的则是同时具备商业和军事用途的科技。
中国对这类双重用途科技投入重金，不但要在商业上与美国竞争，还要获得更大的军事和地缘政治实力。它运用了各种方法——包括削弱知识产权（IP）保护、将技术转让作为与中方成立合资企业的条件、逃避出口管制、监管骚扰等——从美国和其他贸易伙伴获得这些科技。
中国的意图和所作所为一直是中美关系的刺激因素。美国总统特朗普政府上个月实施的所谓的“301条款”指责中国的贸易和产业政策给予特定的科技行业优势，违反了美国法律和国际法。
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