Anne O. Krueger, a former World Bank chief economist and former first deputy managing director of the International Monetary Fund, is Senior Research Professor of International Economics at the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies and Senior Fellow at the Center for International Development at Stanford University.
华盛顿—当经济发展良好时,穷人比其他人受益更多。但是当事情变得糟糕时,最受伤害的也是穷人。在新冠大流行的情况下尤其如此,它对贫穷国家以及其中最贫穷的人造成的打击尤其严重。
一些穷国在疫情爆发前就面临经济困难,这加剧了它们的困境。其他国家管理得相当好,但突然面临意外支出需要。对后一类的国际支持可能非常有成效。但对于已经存在大问题的国家来说,要取得成功,财政援助必须伴随经济政策改革。
在经济政策框架不合理的重债国家中,斯里兰卡这个中等收入国家目前可能遇到的麻烦最大。尽管财政赤字迅速增长,外汇危机导致食品、药品和燃料严重短缺,但斯里兰卡当局长期以来一直坚持不惜一切代价偿还债务,而不是向国际货币基金组织寻求支持.
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