Since 1960, only a few countries in Latin America have narrowed the gap between their per capita income and that of the United States, while most of the region has lagged far behind. Making up for lost ground will require a coordinated effort, involving both technocratic tinkering and bold political leadership.
explain what it will take finally to achieve economic convergence with advanced economies.
Between now and the end of this decade, climate-related investments need to increase by orders of magnitude to keep the world on track toward achieving even more ambitious targets by mid-century. Fortunately, if done right, such investments could usher in an entirely new and better economy.
explains what it will take to mobilize capital for the net-zero transition worldwide.
美国剑桥—委内瑞拉会对其外国债券违约吗?市场担心有这种可能。正因如此,委内瑞拉债券需要比美国国债多付11个百分点的利息,其利差比墨西哥高12倍,比尼日利亚高四倍,比玻利维亚高一倍。去年5月,委内瑞拉以6%的息票利率进行了50亿美元十年期债券的私人配售,结果折价40%才配售成功,筹资总额只有30亿美元。十年后,除了丰厚的票面利息,它还必须多支付20亿美元,这是投资者所要求的对其违约风险的补偿。
10月初的几天中,委内瑞拉需要支付52亿美元。它会支付吗?它有这么多现金吗?它会通过紧急出售CITGO筹资吗?CITGO目前为委内瑞拉国有石油公司PDVSA独有。
一个与此不同的问题是委内瑞拉是否应该支付。乍一看,政府应该做什么和它们会去做什么并不总是两个互相独立的问题,因为人们常常会去做应该做的事情。但“应该”的问题包含了某种形式的道德判断,而道德判断并不是“会去”问题的核心,这就让它们更加复杂了。
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