Since the 1990s, Western companies have invested a fortune in the Chinese economy, and tens of thousands of Chinese students have studied in US and European universities or worked in Western companies. None of this made China more democratic, and now it is heading toward an economic showdown with the US.
argue that the strategy of economic engagement has failed to mitigate the Chinese regime’s behavior.
While Chicago School orthodoxy says that humans can’t beat markets, behavioral economists insist that it’s humans who make markets, which means that humans can strive to improve their functioning. Which claim you believe has important implications for both economic theory and financial regulation.
uses Nobel laureate Robert J. Shiller’s work to buttress the case for a behavioral approach to economics.
伦敦—如果说要寻找什么信号证明欧盟正在以令人警惕的速度分崩离析的话,匈牙利沿着其与同为欧盟成员国的克罗地亚的边境修建铁丝网隔离障就是这样的信号。当然,欧元区的危机割裂了金融流,导致不同经济体之间的两极分化,影响了对欧盟机构的政治支持,也让欧洲人民开始彼此反感。如今,随着各国政府建设隔离障、重启边境控制,难民危机正在阻挡人员流动、制约贸易。而随着欧盟分裂迹象日益明显,英国全民公决离开欧盟的风险也在增加。
人们常说,欧盟通过危机进步,因为欧盟专注于进一步一体化这一压倒一切的需求。但这样的突破至少需要四个要素:对问题有正确的理解、对有效的前进道路形成一致、愿意将更多的主权集中起来,以及有能力推动变革的政治领袖。如今,这四个要素都难觅踪影。
欧洲领导人弱势、意见不一,似乎也没有能力勾勒出欧洲一体化所能提供的可信的美好未来前景,而没有这一前景,他们就无法赢得群众支持、说服顽固的政府承担当前成本的合理份额。由于没有有效的共同应对方案,欧洲的危机愈演愈烈、彼此强化,并且煽动起单边主义。
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