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From semiconductors to electric vehicles, governments are identifying the strategic industries of the future and intervening to support them – abandoning decades of neoliberal orthodoxy in the process. Are industrial policies the key to tackling twenty-first-century economic challenges or a recipe for market distortions and lower efficiency?
发自慕尼黑—随着新型冠状病毒疫情的逐步升级，全球供应链的内在风险比以往任何时候都更加暴露无遗。对此先进经济体的企业并未像以往那样停下来等待何时再将生产活动集中在那些劳动力廉价又充足的国家中，而是将注意力放在了工资最低的工人——机器人——身上。
在1990年代初，随着铁幕的倒塌，中国被整合进全球并最终加入世界贸易组织以及集装箱运输的兴起，企业开始将生产转移到低工资国家。1990~2008年全球金融危机之间的那段时期被称为高度全球化时代，其中全球价值链大概占据了全球贸易的60％。
2008年的全球金融和经济危机标志着这个高度全球化时代的终结。全球价值链在2011年时停止了扩张，从那以后也再没有增长过。
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