While carbon pricing and industrial policies may have enabled policymakers in the United States and Europe to avoid difficult political choices, we cannot rely on these tools to achieve crucial climate goals. Climate policies must move away from focusing on green taxes and subsidies and enter the age of politics.
explains why achieving climate goals requires a broader combination of sector-specific policy instruments.
The long-standing economic consensus that interest rates would remain low indefinitely, making debt cost-free, is no longer tenable. Even if inflation declines, soaring debt levels, deglobalization, and populist pressures will keep rates higher for the next decade than they were in the decade following the 2008 financial crisis.
thinks that policymakers and economists must reassess their beliefs in light of current market realities.
纽约—阿富汗安全和政治局势仍在受不确定性的困扰,不确定性来自美国和北约战斗部队的撤出、即将到来的总统选举和与塔利班的和平谈判陷入停滞。阿富汗政府认识到,持续的经济不安全将恶化这一危险局面,因此宣布了新的旨在吸引外国直接投资(FDI)的经济激励计划。
该计划包括以极低廉的价格向企业家提供土地、面向工厂主的最长七年的免税、以及面向农民的最长十年的低息贷款。这些激励的目标是外国投资者和本地精英,意在阻止甚至扭转资本外逃。但新措施最终还是要走上老路:分裂的政策方法将不足以解决阿富汗的根本性经济问题。
在战后转型的早期阶段,FDI快速上升,占GDP之比从2002年的1.2%上升至2005年的峰值4.3%。这些流入中的大头进入了建筑和服务业——它们也是GDP增长的主要引擎——其目的是为了满足国际民用和军用需求。
To continue reading, register now.
Subscribe now for unlimited access to everything PS has to offer.
Subscribe
As a registered user, you can enjoy more PS content every month – for free.
Register
Already have an account? Log in