Though Polish voters in October ousted their right-wing populist government, recent elections in Slovakia and the Netherlands show that populism remains as malign and potent a political force as ever in Europe. But these outcomes also hold important lessons for the United States, where the specter of Donald Trump’s return to the White House haunts the runup to the 2024 presidential election.
普林斯顿—近几年来,欧盟——或者更准确地说,是北欧强国——一直在以财政清明的名义迫使其较弱成员国进行社会和政治“压力测试”。结果,南欧和部分东欧国家成了政治实验室,不同国家的不同实验产生了大相径庭——也越来越难以预测——的结果。在上一次欧盟峰会后,卢森堡首相容克(Jean-Claude Juncker)甚至表示应该排除“社会革命”风险。
尽管这一结果尚难发生,但越来越显而易见的是,许多欧洲国家——以及欧盟作为一个整体——需要重新商定基本社会契约。但欧洲精英被短期问题缚住了手脚,并未考虑到长期修正的需要——这会给他们自身带来伤害。
事实上,尽管欧洲各国之间有着重大不同,但有一个趋势正在整个欧洲逐渐显露:选民,不管哪种政治倾向的选民,一开始都拒绝了实施紧缩的领导人。但是,在一边倒地反对紧缩之外,各国的经历大相径庭。
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