Since the 1990s, Western companies have invested a fortune in the Chinese economy, and tens of thousands of Chinese students have studied in US and European universities or worked in Western companies. None of this made China more democratic, and now it is heading toward an economic showdown with the US.
argue that the strategy of economic engagement has failed to mitigate the Chinese regime’s behavior.
While Chicago School orthodoxy says that humans can’t beat markets, behavioral economists insist that it’s humans who make markets, which means that humans can strive to improve their functioning. Which claim you believe has important implications for both economic theory and financial regulation.
uses Nobel laureate Robert J. Shiller’s work to buttress the case for a behavioral approach to economics.
布达佩斯—在经过一段时间的推迟后,由法律和正义党(PiS)控制波兰政府终于就欧盟委员会提出的关于其对司法独立所发动的立法攻势的关切做出了回应。但是,据欧盟委员会第一副主席弗朗斯·提默曼斯(Frans Timmermans)透露,波兰仍然拒绝合作,也没有说要“采取任何实质措施解决所提出的问题。”
欧盟是否会使用可用的政治和经济工具制裁波兰政府还有待观察。我们认为应该这样做——并且要果断、迅速。PiS用政治控制波兰法院的企图违反了欧盟的基本民主价值观,也威胁到其单一市场的治理。目前,欧盟方面继续不作为可能会威胁到经济一体化大计。
不同发展水平的经济体之间的市场一体化主要依靠监管标准化。单一市场能够运转,是因为荷兰和波兰的企业家都认为会受到同一套规则的管理,不管他们是在意大利、匈牙利、法国还会保加利亚销售产品或投资。这些共同的规则不仅由欧盟法院和官僚机构执行,也由成员国法院执行。
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