Yu Yongding, a former president of the China Society of World Economics and director of the Institute of World Economics and Politics at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, served on the Monetary Policy Committee of the People’s Bank of China from 2004 to 2006.
北京—今年二季度,中国经济出人意料地放缓了。同样出人意料的是,7月以来的大部分公布的大部分数据表明中国的增长已经稳定下来。毫不奇怪,市场同时大舒一口气。但投资者应该继续保持紧张吗?
目前中国当局所面临的最严重的问题是产能过剩。比如,中国粗钢年产能为十亿吨,但2012年总产量只有7.2亿吨——产能利用率为72%。更引人注目的是2012年钢铁业利润率只有0.04%。事实上,生产量吨钢所获得的利润只能买一根棒棒糖。今年截至目前中国前500家公司平均利润率为4.34%,比2012年下降33个基点。
有人说今天的产能过剩来自过去的过度投资。也有人认为产能过剩是因为有效需求不足。政府的观点似乎是两者的折中。
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