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Женщины у власти в демократических странах мира

Jul 24, 2019 Nina L. Khrushcheva

МОСКВА – Президент США Дональда Трампа заявил недавно, что четыре цветные женщины, избранные в Конгресс от Демократической партии, – Айанна Прессли, Александрия Окасио-Кортес, Ильхан Омар и Рашида Тлаиб – должны «вернуться» в свои страны. Это заявление в очередной раз напомнило его вопиющем расизме и сексизме. (Три из них родились в США, а четвёртая стала гражданкой Америки в подростковом возрасте). Но оно также подчёркивает возросшую роль женщин в политике. И эта тенденция сохранится вне зависимости от того, как сильно она страшит неуверенных в себе мужчин, подобных Трампу.

Сто лет назад в Европе у лидеров борьбы за равноправие женщин, таких как Инесса Арманд, Роза Люксембург и Клара Цеткин, фактически не было иного выбора, кроме как обращаться к всевластным мужчинам с просьбой воплотить в жизнь их чаяния. Одним из таких мужчин был советский лидер Владимир Ленин, выступавший за ликвидацию «старых законов, которые ставили женщину в положение неравноправное по отношению к мужчине». У Арманд (предположительно) был роман с Лениным, а Цеткин в 1920 году долго беседовала с ним на тему «женского вопроса», после того как в 1919 году он выступил с речью о «задачах женского рабочего движения в Советской республике».

Их подход был понятным, но он оказался неэффективным. Ленин настаивал на том, что только социализм – с его обещанием равенства для всех – может освободить женщин. «Там, где сохраняется власть капитала, – утверждал он в этой речи, – привилегии останутся у мужчин».

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j. von Hettlingen Jul 28, 2019

Nina L. Khrushcheva says men are still holding “disportionate power, although half of the world’s population is made up of women. They are also using their power to prevent women from gaining more clout. As the number of women in politics is growing – “and given that they include fascists, liberals, greens, and socialists – the days of “male supremacy are numbered.” Nevertheless, it still takes time to close the gender gap in interest in politics.
The author names a long list of powerful and influential women in the private sector and in public life across the globe, who do not necessarily need “men’s validation. But that does not mean that they would not welcome men’s support, whether political, personal, or even artistic.” In some countries, women ascended to their political position through a dynastic channel. Female political leaders are often sisters, wives, widows or daughters of important politicians.
History shows that women would not have gained their right to vote without the support of their male counterparts, because many powerful men had sought to impede them, worrying about the threat empowered women could pose.
The author says Vladimir Lenin was supportive of women’s suffrage and gender equality a century ago, as part of socialism’s appeal. In the Soviet Union, most women had jobs, yet only few had careers. Her own grandmother “was forced to give up her position as an educator” after her grandfather, Nikita Khrushchev, was appointed the head of Ukraine’s Communist Party in 1937. “She was supposed to serve as an example for other working wives of political functionaries.”
In today’s Russia, there are very few women in Putin’s government. Last year, controversial amendments to Russian law were passed to decriminalise some forms of domestic violence, leading to a dramatic decline in reported incidents.
Although women in many European countries gained their voting rights mainly after World War II, in general, they have come quite far in their pursuit of careers. A few – Margaret Thatcher, Angela Merkel and others in many European countries – have gone down in history as their first female leaders, despite facing many more obstacles than men. Many have been as good as their male counterparts, if not even better. But they are the exception rather than the rule.
According to a survey, girls are significantly less interested in politics than boys by the age of 15. This phenomenon has been observed in more than a dozen rich countries, and could have a negative impact on their future development. If women are less interested in politics, they may be less likely to take part in it, including voting or running for office. And their views - particularly on social issues like workplace equality, parental leave and child care, which they care about on average more than men do - may not be adequately represented in government.
The author mentions Philipp Stölzl, a German director who is staging a contemporary adaptation of Giuseppe Verdi’s Rigoletto in Austria. “In his view, Rigoletto – in which a court jester attempts to end the licentious activities of his powerful employer – is the ideal opera for the #MeToo era. Perhaps that is why a woman, Australian opera director Lindy Hume, is bringing her own adaptation of Rigoletto to Seattle next month.”
There is another classical play which has not captured as much attention: “Assembleywomen” by Aristophanes, the comic playwright of ancient Athens. Written in 391 BC, it is a wonderfully fun play, a comic fantasy about war, power, and gender, with women being in charge of government and men reduced to feeble, pitiable creatures in drag.
The women of Athens, led by Praxagora, decide to take over the city’s parliament, the Assembly, arguing for a number of radical reforms. Women should have all the power in Athens, all property should be held communally, and there should be complete sexual liberation, with people free to go to bed with whomever they choose. (The old and ugly are to get first dibs on sexual partners, so as to ensure that they’re not left out.)
As a play, “Assembleywomen” is really ahead of its time in terms of its presentation of female power. True, Aristophanes seemed to be implying that women could do a better job of running things than men. Yet it would have been seen as a joke poking fun at the incompetence and mismanagement of the - men-only - Assembly rather than as a genuine call for parliamentary reform.The joke at the heart of the play is actually a rather conservative one – It is in fact sexist deep down – because it turns on the idea that even a load of women could make a better job of it than a bunch of clowns.
In this respect, Assemblywomen is not only fun, but truly radical and progressive, because it anticipates so many of the political ideas that people do take seriously nowadays - gender equality, and the idea of a fair society, where people are not discriminated against on the grounds of appearance or age, and, if not complete sexual freedom, then at least a less puritanical approach to sex and marriage.
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Elizabeth Pula Jul 25, 2019

This comment was removed by a moderator. Replies to this comment may also be deleted. Please note that we moderate comments to ensure the conversation remains topically relevant. We appreciate well-informed comments and welcome your criticism and insight. Please be civil and avoid name-calling and ad hominem remarks.
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P. Kamath Jul 24, 2019

Um....”..Democratic congresswomen of color – Ayanna Pressley, Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, Ilhan Omar, and Rashida Tlaib...”. Once ,in USA, If one is of African ancestry, they were called , people of colour! Now it seems the definition has become broader! Among the group AOC and Tlaib are of Latino and Middle Eastern ancestry! So how can any one call them people of Colour?
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