Economics

Proč má větší migrace smysl

Jul 5, 2011 Geoffrey Cameron and Ian Goldin

OXFORD – Téměř ve všech bohatých zemích dosahuje protipřistěhovalecké zanícení horečnatého vrcholu. Této horečce je však nutné odolat, mají-li tyto společnosti i nadále prosperovat a mají-li rozvojové země bojovat s chudobou a udržet hospodářský růst.

Vyšší míra globální migrace je žádoucí ze čtyř důvodů: je to zdroj inovací a dynamiky, reaguje na nedostatek pracovních sil, řeší problémy spojené s rychlým stárnutím populací a představuje únik z chudoby a perzekuce. Omezování migrace naopak zpomaluje hospodářský růst a podkopává dlouhodobou konkurenceschopnost společností. Navíc vytváří méně prosperující, nerovnější a rozdělenější svět.

Vyšší míra migrace je samozřejmě spojena i s krátkodobými místními náklady, které je nutné řešit, aby společnosti mohly mít prospěch z daleko větších dlouhodobých přínosů. Přesto se navzdory domácí opozici v hostitelských zemích počet mezinárodních migrantů v posledních 25 letech zdvojnásobil a do roku 2030 se zdvojnásobí znovu. Rapidní ekonomické a politické změny – a ve stále větší míře i změny ekologické – vykořeňují lidi a podněcují je k tomu, aby hledali příležitosti a bezpečí v nových domovech.

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Geoffrey Cameron

Writing for PS since 2011
1 Commentary

Geoffrey Cameron is a research associate at the Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, and a co-author of Exceptional People: How Migration Shaped Our World and Will Define Our Future.

Ian Goldin

Writing for PS since 2011
10 Commentaries

Ian Goldin is Professor of Globalization and Development at the University of Oxford and the co-author (with Robert Muggah) of Terra Incognita: 100 Maps to Survive the Next 100 Years.

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0 Comments on this paragraph, 5 Comments on this article

Stamatis Kavvadias Sep 27, 2013

False and possibly wrong argument for wealth creation, without accounting for increased inequality among countries and within populations.

Gains to the global economy from migration to advanced economies, does not account for the loss in competitive advantage in developing ones. If the pie increases, but a fraction of the increase larger than the ratio of developed to developing economies' GDP goes to the developed economies, the net result is negative for developing economies. There is increased country inequality.

Of course, capitalism advocates would claim, this is optimal, because, at least, both developing and developed economies grow this way. But what about overall growth in real and not nominal terms? More importantly, do developed and developing economies really grow collectively, in terms of overall debt to GDP ratio, or the net result is increased global indebtedness and deterioration, and increased inequality?

The economic arguments for globalization are not clear, even without accounting for personal security and cultural losses.
- Stamatis Kavvadias Sep 27, 2013
  
  ...more so about emigration!
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Carol Maczinsky Sep 25, 2013

The core is the social contract with the people that allows other in.

It is factually wrong to say that immigration was never stricter controlled.
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Tomas Zabransky Feb 26, 2013

is it really THAT simple? or does the author (intentionally) ignore the issue of a willingness to participate in the receiving society / accept its culture (without necessarily giving up the own one) as a necessary and increasingly lacking aspect of immigration into developed countries?
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Shane Beck Feb 26, 2013

The authors seem divorced from the reality of the Western world of high unemployment and slashed government budgets for infrastructure. Immigration inflows might be right for a growing economy but the economies of Europe and the United States are anything but growing. Maybe the person on the street has more awareness of the situation than the authors give them credit for.....
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