While carbon pricing and industrial policies may have enabled policymakers in the United States and Europe to avoid difficult political choices, we cannot rely on these tools to achieve crucial climate goals. Climate policies must move away from focusing on green taxes and subsidies and enter the age of politics.
explains why achieving climate goals requires a broader combination of sector-specific policy instruments.
The long-standing economic consensus that interest rates would remain low indefinitely, making debt cost-free, is no longer tenable. Even if inflation declines, soaring debt levels, deglobalization, and populist pressures will keep rates higher for the next decade than they were in the decade following the 2008 financial crisis.
thinks that policymakers and economists must reassess their beliefs in light of current market realities.
发自华盛顿特区——20世纪30年代后最严重的经济危机过去五年后,也就是美国多德·弗兰克金融改革实施三年之后,有一个问题盘旋在每个人的心中:为什么过去几年我们几乎没什么进展?
政府承诺会出台新的规则,但实际上实施的却很少。迄今仍没有“沃尔克法则”(Volcker Rule,用以限制银行自营交易),对衍生品的规定仍处于进展当中,货币市场基金仍未改革。更糟糕的是,我们最大的银行变得更大了。现在没有任何迹象表明银行放弃了那些鼓励过度冒险的激励机制。
对过去发生的问题有三种合理的解释。一是金融改革本质上是复杂的。然而,虽然很多技术细节需要被具体化,我们有世界上最聪明的一群人正在相关的监管机构工作,所以这并不构成问题。他们不仅可以编写并实施法规——也就是说,如果真的需要他们做得更多,他们也可以胜任。
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