Since 1960, only a few countries in Latin America have narrowed the gap between their per capita income and that of the United States, while most of the region has lagged far behind. Making up for lost ground will require a coordinated effort, involving both technocratic tinkering and bold political leadership.
explain what it will take finally to achieve economic convergence with advanced economies.
Between now and the end of this decade, climate-related investments need to increase by orders of magnitude to keep the world on track toward achieving even more ambitious targets by mid-century. Fortunately, if done right, such investments could usher in an entirely new and better economy.
explains what it will take to mobilize capital for the net-zero transition worldwide.
巴黎--世界各地的人们现在都已经听说了所谓的“文明的冲突”。亨廷顿的这一概念已经家喻户晓。五十年代,法国经济学家索维创造了“第三世界”一词也同样人人皆知。这些词语之所以为大众所接受是因为它们定义模糊。“文明的冲突”基本上是西方对抗世界其他部分,它本应描述世界的本来面目。在现实中,西方是含糊不清的,包括大量领域而并不确定其统一的特征。
那么究竟为何西方呢?西方化是什么?为何认为日本是西方而中国不是?上海属于哪里?俄国是西方的一部分吗?
从这些不确定性中,我们可以得出结论说西方并非一个地理性的实体。希腊人在2500年以前把他们自己视为是与东方波斯人对立的西方。大概在那个时候西方作为一种心态而建立起来。由于西方从那时以来已经失去了明确的领土范围,“西方”一词已经成为普世而非地域概念。
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