In an era of geopolitical rebalancing, Europe needs a more cohesive stance in international forums, together with stronger strategic partnerships, to enhance its global influence. Spain can contribute to these goals when it assumes the presidency of the Council of the EU next month – if domestic politics do not get in the way.
worries that a snap election will undermine the effectiveness of the country’s Council of the EU presidency.
In April, the European Commission released an updated proposal for reforming the Stability and Growth Pact that includes more rigid debt “safeguards.” But the changes defeat the entire purpose of devising a new framework for member states’ fiscal policies.
shows why the European Commission’s latest proposal, in contrast to its predecessor, solves nothing.
慕尼黑—博弈论专家知道,只有A计划永远是不行的。你必须制定和事先布局可信的B计划——推动A计划谈判的隐含威胁。希腊财政部长雅尼斯·瓦鲁法基斯(Yanis Varoufakis)对于这一点心知肚明。作为希腊政府推出的“重磅”,在总理齐普拉斯出面谈判A计划时(延长希腊的贷款协议并重新谈判援助计划条件),瓦鲁法基斯正致力于B计划(可能退出欧元区)。从某种角度讲,他们在玩“好警察/坏警察”的经典博弈——并且到目前为止收效甚好。
B计划有两个关键要素。首先是简单的挑衅,旨在煽动希腊公民,从而加剧希腊与其债权人的紧张。希腊公民必然认为,如果他们在因为退出欧元区而导致的困难时期继续信任他们的政府,就可以摆脱严重的不公。
其次,希腊政府正在推高B计划对另一端的成本,办法是允许资本随希腊公民外逃。如果选择如此,希腊政府可以用更加安抚性的方针遏制这一趋势,或通过引入资本管制一刀切解决这一问题。但这样做会削弱其谈判立场,而这不是选项之一。
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