Since 1960, only a few countries in Latin America have narrowed the gap between their per capita income and that of the United States, while most of the region has lagged far behind. Making up for lost ground will require a coordinated effort, involving both technocratic tinkering and bold political leadership.
explain what it will take finally to achieve economic convergence with advanced economies.
Between now and the end of this decade, climate-related investments need to increase by orders of magnitude to keep the world on track toward achieving even more ambitious targets by mid-century. Fortunately, if done right, such investments could usher in an entirely new and better economy.
explains what it will take to mobilize capital for the net-zero transition worldwide.
伦敦—为了解决耐药性问题,世界不但需要新药,也需要新行为——七十亿人的新行为。由于抗生素的错用和滥用,已有治疗手段越来越难以治愈肺炎和结核病等常见传染病;一些病例完全无法治愈。
这是一个全球性威胁。据由我担任主席的抗耐药性评估(Review on Antimicrobial Resistance)的数据,耐药性传染病每年至少杀死700,000人。到2050年,如果我们不为这一个问题做些什么,每年都将有一千万人死于曾经可以治愈的疾病。
开发新药是对抗耐药性综合响应的一个重要的方法。但光靠开发新药是不够的。我们还需要降低对抗生素的需求,明白抗生素有时弊大于利。据一项估算,美国近一半的抗生素处方是不恰当或不必要的。因此,耐药性的急剧增强并不令人奇怪。
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