José Antonio Ocampo, a former United Nations under-secretary-general, is Minister of Finance and Public Credit of Colombia, a professor at Columbia University, Chair of the UN Committee for Development Policy, and Chair of the Independent Commission for the Reform of International Corporate Taxation. He is the author of Resetting the International Monetary (Non)System (Oxford University Press, 2017) and co-author (with Luis Bértola) of The Economic Development of Latin America since Independence (Oxford University Press, 2012).
纽约—正当联合国成立75周年,世界正处于动荡之中。至今,新冠肺炎疫情已经导致100万人的死亡,世界经济正经历1930年代大萧条以来最大的萧条。从洪水到荒野大火等其他重大的自然灾害正在一些国家肆虐。作为世界促进国与国关系合作的积极倡议的美国,也正在拒绝甚至对抗从前的朋友和合作伙伴。信奉全球团结的联合国的存在越发显得重要。
联合国的成立有三个支柱。第一是和平。当它的前世机构国际联盟日益衰败时,联合国才渐渐胜出。国际联盟没有阻止另外一场世界大战。联合国成立在冷战的前夕,他的成立成为国家和平保证的重要力量。
第二个支柱是人权。1948年,联合国安理会通过了《全球人权宣言》,第一次提出人的基本权利包括公民权,政治权,经济社会和文化权利等方面。所有的国家都要遵守。虽然联合国的机制在保证这些权力上喜忧参半,不可置疑的是,全球人权宣言是实现各国人权的主要基石。
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