Speaking from an undisclosed location, Ukrainian presidential adviser Oleg Ustenko urges the United States and the European Union to tighten the financial screws on Russia's military machine. Anything short of a full defeat for Vladimir Putin, he warns, will leave both Ukraine and Europe vulnerable to future aggression.
about the additional steps Western powers can take to end Russia's war and hold it accountable.
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发自布鲁塞尔——跨大西洋贸易战已经传出了第一声炮响,美国首先开始对从欧盟(以及加拿大和墨西哥)进口的钢铁征收高额关税,而欧盟则发誓要对这种无端攻击实施报复。此外美国总统特朗普也已经宣布要对汽车进口展开国家安全威胁调查,对此任何针锋相对的回应都可能将冲突从钢铁扩大到对欧洲至关重要的汽车产业。
不幸的是,主导着欧盟应对方针的似乎不是经济逻辑而是情绪以及短期政治姿态。首先,欧盟(及其他美国贸易伙伴)的表述中实际存在着重大矛盾。欧盟声称钢材进口关税伤害的主要是美国自己,大多数经济学家也会对此表示赞同。但这也意味着欧盟采取的对策也会极大伤害欧洲自身。
由于欧盟委员会威胁施加的选择性关税影响的是成品而非钢铁这样的生产原料,其反制措施对欧盟消费者造成的损害将小于特朗普钢铁关税给美国经济所造成的破坏。但增加关税仍然是一种自残行为。经济学家们总会饶有兴趣地观察到那些针对别国保护主义行为的反制措施就如同是说:“如果你朝自己的脚开枪,我也会这样做。”
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