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迷失的大陆

Jun 19, 2009 Robert Skidelsky

伦敦——全世界有六分之一的人口生活在非洲，但非洲国家的总产值却只占世界总产值的四十分之一，非洲大陆成了全球经济衰退最显而易见的受害者。非洲大陆在经历了5年5%的经济增长之后，预计2009年的经济增长率会降到原来的一半。安哥拉等国甚至会出现经济收缩。这场危机也横扫了非洲其他国家数年经济改革的成果。许多非洲民众将重新回到无望的贫困生活。

发展经济学家面对此情此景却束手无策：他们的一切努力在非洲大陆毫无收获。1960年脱离殖民统治前夕，撒哈拉南部非洲的实际人均总产值几乎比东南亚高出3倍，而非洲的人均预期寿命也比东南亚人长两岁。其后50年间，非洲的人均实际总产值增长了38%，人均寿命增长了9岁，反观东南亚的人均总产值增长了1000%，而人均寿命则增长了32岁。

起先，解决非洲发展滞后的对策似乎显而易见。非洲急需资金，但却缺乏存款。因此

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Robert Skidelsky

Writing for PS since 2003
144 Commentaries

Robert Skidelsky, Professor Emeritus of Political Economy at Warwick University and a fellow of the British Academy in history and economics, is a member of the British House of Lords. The author of a three-volume biography of John Maynard Keynes, he began his political career in the Labour party, became the Conservative Party’s spokesman for Treasury affairs in the House of Lords, and was eventually forced out of the Conservative Party for his opposition to NATO’s intervention in Kosovo in 1999.