Joseph E. Stiglitz, a Nobel laureate in economics and University Professor at Columbia University, is a former chief economist of the World Bank (1997-2000), chair of the US President’s Council of Economic Advisers, and co-chair of the High-Level Commission on Carbon Prices. He is a member of the Independent Commission for the Reform of International Corporate Taxation and was lead author of the 1995 IPCC Climate Assessment.
纽约——1月肇始于突尼斯、随后蔓延到埃及和西班牙的抗议运动已经波及到了全球,抗议活动已经席卷了华尔街和美国各大城市。如今,全球化和现代技术使得社会运动如同思想一样可以迅速地跨越国界。世界各地都是社会抗议运动的温床:“体系”已经失败的感觉、即使在民主国家,选举也无法保证一切对头的观点,等等,都可以催生抗议活动——至少可以让人们走上街头施压。
5月,我前往突尼斯抗议活动现场;7月,我和西班牙的“愤怒者”们交谈;接着,我从西班牙启程前往埃及,与开罗解放广场上的年轻革命者面对面;几周前,我又与纽约“占领和华尔街”运动抗议者交谈。这些运动有个共同点,即“占领华尔街”运动所打出的简单标语:“我们是99%。”
这一口号与我最近发表的一篇文章的标题异曲同工:《成为1%,为了1%,依靠1%》(Of the 1%, for the 1%, and by the 1%)。这篇文章描述了美国愈演愈烈的不平等:1%的人口控制着超过40%的财富,赚取着20%的收入。而这一撮极少数人获得如此优厚的待遇,并非因为他们对社会的贡献更大——奖金和援助轻易地摧毁了不平等的合理性,而是因为(恕我直言)他们是成功(有时是腐败)的寻租者。
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