Peter Singer, Professor of Bioethics at Princeton University, is Founder of the nonprofit organization The Life You Can Save. His books include
Animal Liberation, Practical Ethics, The Ethics of What We Eat (with Jim Mason), Rethinking Life and Death, The Point of View of the Universe, co-authored with Katarzyna de Lazari-Radek, The Most Good You Can Do, Famine, Affluence, and Morality, One World Now, Ethics in the Real World, Why Vegan?, and Utilitarianism: A Very Short Introduction, also with Katarzyna de Lazari-Radek. In April 2021, W.W. Norton published his new edition of Apuleius’s The Golden Ass. In 2013, he was named the world's third "most influential contemporary thinker" by the Gottlieb Duttweiler Institute.
当我们谴责政客、名人或朋友的行为时，我们通常会倾向于使用我们的道德直觉。我们说：“我就觉得这是错的！”但这些直觉判断从何而来呢？它们是可靠的道德指南么？
最近，一些特别的研究提出了关于直觉反应在道德推理中的作用的新问题。乔舒亚·格林，一位刚从普林斯顿大学转到哈佛大学进行心理学研究的哲学硕士，研究了人们如何对一组想象中的困境做出反应。在一种困境中，你站在铁轨边，看到一辆空无一人的电车正驶向前方的五个人。如果电车继续在现有的轨道上行使，他们将会被撞死。
能避免造成五个人死亡的唯一办法就是加入一个道岔，将电车引导到旁边的轨道，如此一来它就只会撞死一个人。当被问到你在这样的情况下会如何做时，大多数人说应该扳道岔，这样可以拯救四条生命。
To continue reading, register now.
Subscribe now for unlimited access to everything PS has to offer.
Subscribe
As a registered user, you can enjoy more PS content every month – for free.
Register
Already have an account? Log in