Since 1960, only a few countries in Latin America have narrowed the gap between their per capita income and that of the United States, while most of the region has lagged far behind. Making up for lost ground will require a coordinated effort, involving both technocratic tinkering and bold political leadership.
explain what it will take finally to achieve economic convergence with advanced economies.
Between now and the end of this decade, climate-related investments need to increase by orders of magnitude to keep the world on track toward achieving even more ambitious targets by mid-century. Fortunately, if done right, such investments could usher in an entirely new and better economy.
explains what it will take to mobilize capital for the net-zero transition worldwide.
布鲁塞尔—另一项关键性欧洲工程正在遭遇威胁。申根协议首次取消边境控制大约二十年后——目前申根协议包括26个国家,其中四个为非欧盟成员国——德国重新开始了奥地利边境的控制,法国也开始了比利时边境的控制。这些边境控制应该是临时性的,并且其他绝大多数边境仍保持开放。但更加开放似乎并不是欧洲的前进方向——而这是一个严重的问题。
远离“没有边界的欧洲”的变化因为难民穿越欧洲内部边界的影响而被煽动,因为上个月巴黎袭击的大部分恐怖分子来自比利时、其中一些以难民身份从巴尔干半岛进入欧盟而得到强化。其基础假设是——这一假设获得了许多欧洲政客特别是各国内政部长的支持——在安全和开放之间存在一个权衡。这大错特错。
事实上,恢复边境控制似乎是“安全戏院”(security theater)的好例子。安全戏院政策旨在让公众觉得政府正在做一些什么。但是,退出申根协议绝不可能让欧洲变得更安全,实际上,这会妨碍打击恐怖主义,因为各国不得不将宝贵的资源——成千上万警官,如果申根协议被完全取消的话——用于在边境检查证件。这些资源不再能够直接用于针对恐怖活动的调查。
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