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波士顿—牛场（cattle colony）和活物“生鲜市场”并非SARS-CoV-2最有可能的发源地中国武汉市所独有。它们存在于世界各地。它们基本处于无监管状态，下一场重大传染性病原体的出现只是时间问题。
比如，你可能想不到，全世界最大的水牛养殖场在巴基斯坦卡拉奇，一座有1400万人口的大都市。在拜恩斯牛场（Bhains Colony），大约40万只动物摩肩接踵地挤在六平方公里的范围内，这显然是非常令人不适的场景。但是，该牛场（它以“水牛”的乌尔都语命名）已经存在了半个多世纪，并且兴旺发达，如今拥有1500多个养殖场。
该牛场是卡拉奇牛奶和牛肉供应链的一部分，也是本地重要的就业源泉。它成为大量研究本地赋能、企业家精神和供应链的项目的对象，包括国际援助机构资助的研究项目。
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