Since 1960, only a few countries in Latin America have narrowed the gap between their per capita income and that of the United States, while most of the region has lagged far behind. Making up for lost ground will require a coordinated effort, involving both technocratic tinkering and bold political leadership.
explain what it will take finally to achieve economic convergence with advanced economies.
Between now and the end of this decade, climate-related investments need to increase by orders of magnitude to keep the world on track toward achieving even more ambitious targets by mid-century. Fortunately, if done right, such investments could usher in an entirely new and better economy.
explains what it will take to mobilize capital for the net-zero transition worldwide.
香港- 世界正处于一次全球性的长期危机之中。俄乌战争、新冠疫情、中美竞争升级、气候变化和迫在眉睫的金融风暴等一系列相互关联的冲击,正在积累分裂世界主要大国的负能量。新兴市场和发展中经济体(EMDEs)是时候重新审视和修改其发展战略了。
二战结束后,发展经济学专家们强调非殖民化、非市场增长模式以及国家对过度市场化的限制。但在过去四十年,以布雷顿森林体系和华盛顿共识为基础的新自由主义贸易框架削弱了许多国家干预市场的能力,转而支持以市场为导向的增长,并尽量减少政府干预。
1997至1998年的亚洲金融危机动摇了人们对华盛顿共识的信心,2008年的全球金融危机导致一些发展经济学家完全放弃了它。同时,经济学家们开始将目光投向GDP增长之外的发展目标,将发展的概念拓宽到性别平等、环境可持续性、幸福感和多样化等方面。
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