毛拉领导的发展模式

Apr 18, 2017 Nadeem ul Haque

伊斯兰堡——社会学学者间经济发展的长期辩论重点探讨如何才能以最佳模式向发展中国家提供国际援助。这些国家政府是否应依赖捐助国自上而下的智慧？还是应当更多地关注由援助接受者决定的自下而上的解决方式？

随着特朗普内阁提出削减美国国务院预算并减少各机构分配给全球最贫困国家的金额，相关辩论显得更加急迫。同时来自伊斯兰世界的反馈——那里是近年来绝大部分美国援助的接受者——可能蕴含着找到最佳前进道路的重要经验。

简单地讲，西方国家现有的策略未能发挥效果。在我的国家巴基斯坦，这个问题体现得最为显著。尽管近年来援助金额大幅增加，包括由前总统巴拉克·奥巴马亲自授权的数十亿美元的援助，但实际接受援助的人却基本不参与分配过程。大约有七十家独立的当地援助机构和四十家国际非政府组织参与为巴基斯坦人提供援助的工作。但有关如何使用所收到援助的决定却多数都是由国外做出。

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Hamid Rizvi Apr 19, 2017

Leave it to a Pakistani to suggest aid disbursement method on the principles of individuals who remains anchored to the 6th century. Sure, the Mullah Model of disbursement works because there is no accountability, no transparency and the shadow donors (gulf states) dictate the terms and condition of how the funds will be utilized.

These funds are driven by religio-political objectives designed to promote Islam and influence the country’s corrupt politicians. Misuse of funds is punishable by the wrath of God realistically the ‘Wrath of the Khan’.

Sure, there is value in seeking aid disbursement from a bottom-up approach. The biggest problem there for countries like Pakistan still remains accountability as the top-down approach.
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Adil Khan Apr 19, 2017

While I do agree with Nadeem Ul's the basic tenet of his argument that a bottom up approach with 'cash' making directly available to the community, ensuring minimum of overhead cost and maximum of flexibility and the spread the 'aid butter' wider and thick is the best way to enhance aid-effectiveness in aid, I profoundly disagree with his Mullah prescription even for Pakistan. The very fact that Mullahs are die-hard exclusionary and also abject reactionaries (from gender and religious perspectives) in their treatment of the communities, this is hardly the preferred conduit of development resources in a society even for Pakistan. True that Mullah led 'free' hospitals and schools are free financially but these are hardly ideologically free and the very fact that 'Mullah model' gets its 'cash' from Gulf states (predominantly, that is) it is not difficult to fathom the kind of non-financial strings that would attach themselves to such a model. Direct delivery to the community with least overhead as a form of delivery of foreign aid - certainly; low financial cost 'Mullah Model' that risks high social cost - No!
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Emre Berkay Apr 18, 2017

"in a few instances" - no, pure bs. Mullah's don't just distribute funds to those who need the most, they, even when not actively supporting jihadism, impose their ideological/religious values and discriminate against those who do not adhere to them. Obviously such traditional models left women behind, or rather, restrict them to household, also there is a whole literature on how waqfs and similar institutions prevent economic growth, social mobility, innovation etc. (read Timur Kuran). Anyone seems to be able to publish i n project-syndicate these days, sorry but this is not about diversity, any pro-mullah agenda contradicts with PS's vision of tolerance, openness and inclusiveness.
- Emre Berkay Apr 18, 2017
  
  But I have to add that I agree on the ineffectiveness of aid agencies, of "expert expats" who have no contact with the local realities etc., all of which I witness daily. But the answer is NOT forwarding those funds to the actors who played the biggest role in the region's backwardness, it is much more sane to fund microcredit organizations, co-operatives, local NGOs etc.
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P. Kamath Apr 18, 2017

Dear author: You say,"Today, a new breed of Muslim “searchers” is offering bottom-up development solutions. ...". Would ypu like to name few names other Mr, Yunus ? How successful was it in Pakistan?
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Shoaib Kahut Apr 18, 2017

Very Apt analysis . Donors should make the epicenter of their donations i.e. 'People" as the key enabler of their projects. This aspect is well covered by religious organizations, majority of whom are declared PROSCRIBED here in Pakistan.
- Nana Siddharth Apr 18, 2017
  
  They are banned for a good reason.
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毛拉领导的发展模式

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