Since 1960, only a few countries in Latin America have narrowed the gap between their per capita income and that of the United States, while most of the region has lagged far behind. Making up for lost ground will require a coordinated effort, involving both technocratic tinkering and bold political leadership.
explain what it will take finally to achieve economic convergence with advanced economies.
Between now and the end of this decade, climate-related investments need to increase by orders of magnitude to keep the world on track toward achieving even more ambitious targets by mid-century. Fortunately, if done right, such investments could usher in an entirely new and better economy.
explains what it will take to mobilize capital for the net-zero transition worldwide.
剑桥—“这土地是你的土地,”美国民歌歌手伍迪·盖瑟瑞(Woody Guthrie)唱道,在歌中他提到了美国的红树林、麦田和金色山谷。盖瑟瑞正在做道德主张,要求每个人都应该能够分享土地的富饶。但他的歌还强调了经济事实:自然资源的使用影响着每个人。特别是,如果我们耗尽或不可逆转地破坏自然资源,那么经济后果也将影响到我们所有人和子孙后代。
人类经济活动大量使用大自然所提供的生态系统服务。亚当·斯密和大卫·李嘉图等古典经济学家写作的时代,农业占经济的比重远高于今天,他们清楚地认识到人类活动发生在自然世界,依靠大自然的慷慨。他们的分析中永远包括土地。但现代经济学基本上将大自然排除在经济的定义和衡量之外。
当然,如今,气候变化所带来的风险正在吸引更多关注,包括投资者。但大自然在经济活动中的角色还有很多其他角度,迄今为止都被忽略了。
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