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剑桥—我们当前所拥有的、体现在世界贸易组织规则和其他协定之上的国际贸易体系并不适应眼前这个世界，因为它是为以往那个由汽车，钢铁和纺织品（而非当今的数据，软件和人工智能）所构成的世界所设计的。在中国崛起和反超级全球化的压迫下，这个体系已经完全无力应对这些新技术所带来的三大挑战。
首先是地缘政治和国家安全：数字技术让外国势力得以入侵工业网络，实施网络间谍活动和操纵社交媒体。比如俄罗斯就被指控借助虚假新闻网站和社交媒体来干预美国和其他西方国家选举。而由于担心中国科技巨头华为与中国政府的联系会使其电信设备成为安全隐患，美国政府也对该企业实施了强力围堵。
其次则是对个人隐私的担忧：互联网平台能够收集涉及人们在线/离线行为的大量数据，而某些国家和地区也制定了更为严格的规则来规范这些平台的数据使用，比如欧盟就会对那些未能保护欧盟居民数据的企业课以罚款。
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