Nouriel Roubini, Professor Emeritus of Economics at New York University’s Stern School of Business, is Chief Economist at Atlas Capital Team, CEO of Roubini Macro Associates, Co-Founder of TheBoomBust.com, and author of Megathreats: Ten Dangerous Trends That Imperil Our Future, and How to Survive Them (Little, Brown and Company, 2022). He is a former senior economist for international affairs in the White House’s Council of Economic Advisers during the Clinton Administration and has worked for the International Monetary Fund, the US Federal Reserve, and the World Bank. His website is NourielRoubini.com, and he is the host of NourielToday.com.
发自纽约—因明尼阿波利斯警察杀害黑人乔治·弗洛伊德引发的大规模抗议活动不仅关乎美国的系统性种族主义和警察暴行,还涵盖着更多的内容。那些走上美国100多个城市街头的人体现了对总统特朗普及其背后势力的广泛批评。大批负债累累且无法实现阶层流动的美国下层阶级——非裔美国人,拉丁裔以及越来越多的白人——正在反抗这个辜负了他们的制度。
这种现象可不仅限于美国。仅在2019年,大规模示威游行就冲击了玻利维亚、智利、哥伦比亚、法国、香港、印度、伊朗、伊拉克、黎巴嫩,马来西亚和巴基斯坦等国家和地区。尽管上述事件有着各自不同的触发因素,但它们都反映出对经济萎靡不振,腐败和缺乏经济机会的不满情绪。
而相同的因素也有助于解释民粹主义和专制领导人近年来在选举上的日益得势。自2008年金融危机以来,许多企业试图通过削减成本(而且先从劳动力下手)来提高利润。它们不是通过具备良好工资和福利的正式雇佣合同来雇人,而是采用了一个基于兼职、小时工、临时工,自由职业者和合同工作的模式,从而催生出一批经济学家盖伊·斯坦丁(Guy Standing)所谓的“穷忙族”(precariat)。他解释说,这个群体中的“内部分裂导致了对移民和其他弱势群体的丑化,其中一些人还很容易陷入政治极端主义。”
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