At the end of European Communism, there was a widespread, euphoric hope that freedom and democracy would bring a better life; eventually, though, many lost that hope. The problem, under both Communism and the new liberal dispensation, was that those pursuing grand social projects had embraced ideology instead of philosophy.
considers what an Albanian Marxist philosopher can tell us about liberty in today's world.
For the US, Slovakia's general election may produce another unreliable allied government. But instead of turning a blind eye to such allies, as President Joe Biden has been doing with Poland, or confronting them with an uncompromising stance, the US should spearhead efforts to help mend flawed democracies.
reflect on the outcome of Slovakia's general election in the run-up to Poland's decisive vote.
剑桥——初创企业、孵化器、加速器、天使基金、风险投资、并购、首发上市、流动的股票市场、科技园区、一两所重点大学和一批专业律所。许多人相信一旦建立起这样的硅谷生态系统,你就可以打造出下一条马萨诸塞州128号公路、坐拥下一个北卡罗来纳州三角研究园或者初创阶段的以色列。
但虽然成功往往能引来群起模仿,但反之却往往并不成立。各部分相互依赖的复杂结构往往无法一蹴而就地建立。它们来源于这样或那样各具特色的进程,机构创新将改变生态系统,从而导致其他变化成为可能。想简单复制最终的生态系统就像试图不用脚手架修建一座大桥一样,因为各部分结构在修建过程中无法承受自重,所以这样的任务根本就不可能完成。
显然,以初创为基础的创新战略具有一定的吸引力。它让人感觉民主、触手可及,而且这也是加利福尼亚州的风格。但它绝对不是推动研发的唯一途径,甚至都不是主要途径,而且肯定不是美国二十世纪绝大多数重大创新的实现方式。另一种策略有赖于企业规模分布的另外一端——也就是大企业。
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