Since 1960, only a few countries in Latin America have narrowed the gap between their per capita income and that of the United States, while most of the region has lagged far behind. Making up for lost ground will require a coordinated effort, involving both technocratic tinkering and bold political leadership.
explain what it will take finally to achieve economic convergence with advanced economies.
Between now and the end of this decade, climate-related investments need to increase by orders of magnitude to keep the world on track toward achieving even more ambitious targets by mid-century. Fortunately, if done right, such investments could usher in an entirely new and better economy.
explains what it will take to mobilize capital for the net-zero transition worldwide.
发自纽黑文——可怜的杰罗姆·鲍威尔(Jerome Powell)。随着美国通胀率逼近40年高点,这位美联储主席知道自己需要做什么了。他对1980年代任美联储主席的保罗·沃尔克(Paul Volcker)推崇备至并将其视为楷模,但套用美国参议员劳埃德·本森(Lloyd Bentsen)在1988年对其副总统竞争对手丹·奎尔(Dan Quayle)的著名调侃:我非常了解保罗·沃尔克,而鲍威尔可不是沃尔克。
沃尔克是美国公务员的典型代表。他抽廉价雪茄,穿皱巴巴的西装,极其厌恶华盛顿权力圈那种装腔作势的腔调。他留给世人的政治遗产就是你必须始终坚持一项理念去抗击破坏性的大通胀。
跟在本·伯南克(Ben Bernanke)的智慧监管下打造了一个新工具库(资产负债表调整、特别贷款机制以及旨在释放结果取向型政策信号的“前瞻性指引”)的现代美联储不同,沃尔克做法相当简单、直率和直接。在沃尔克看来货币政策的起点和终点都是利率。他曾对我说:“如果你不准备在利率上采取行动,那最好别待在这地方(美联储)了。”
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