While carbon pricing and industrial policies may have enabled policymakers in the United States and Europe to avoid difficult political choices, we cannot rely on these tools to achieve crucial climate goals. Climate policies must move away from focusing on green taxes and subsidies and enter the age of politics.
explains why achieving climate goals requires a broader combination of sector-specific policy instruments.
The long-standing economic consensus that interest rates would remain low indefinitely, making debt cost-free, is no longer tenable. Even if inflation declines, soaring debt levels, deglobalization, and populist pressures will keep rates higher for the next decade than they were in the decade following the 2008 financial crisis.
thinks that policymakers and economists must reassess their beliefs in light of current market realities.
首尔- 最近,韩国的经济表现令人失望。在经历了40年年均高达7.9%的GDP增长后,2000—2010年平均增长率下降到4.1%,自2011年以来更是只有3%。这让很多人质疑韩国是否正在迈向日本所谓的“失去的几十年”——长期通缩和停滞。这一苗头刚刚开始浮现。
今天的韩国和20年前的日本具有不容否认的相似性。事实上,从经济角度看,不论好坏,韩国常常在日本身后亦步亦趋。在这方面,日本的经验可以拯救韩国——如果韩国领导人将日本经验视为应该规避的教训的话。
日本的乱象根源在于房地产和股票泡沫。1985年的广场协议导致日元升值、损害了日本的出口,因此日本采取了货币扩张刺激内需,结果助长了这些泡沫。20世纪90年代初,泡沫破裂,给私人部门留下了巨大的积压债务。除此之外,日本生产率增长停滞不前、需求疲软、人口快速老龄化,呈现出一片衰败迹象。
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