Howard Davies, the first chairman of the United Kingdom’s Financial Services Authority (1997-2003), is Chairman of NatWest Group. He was Director of the London School of Economics (2003-11) and served as Deputy Governor of the Bank of England and Director-General of the Confederation of British Industry.
发自伦敦—关于中央银行独立性的学术著作已是汗牛充栋,各大央行行长也会抓住一切机会探讨这一话题。而且大多数学术论文和所有行长都认为央行的高度独立会带来低通胀和货币稳定。
但有些学术研究也对这一因果关系提出了疑问,质疑那些民众较为厌恶通胀的国家(德国是最明显的例子)是否必定倾向于赋予央行高度独立性。但是人们普遍支持这样一个大概的理念,那就是将政治家排除在利率设定程序之外的做法与较低且更稳定的通胀相关。也有大量证据表明以往的选举周期经常会影响利率决策,还会导致破坏性的后果。
然而却很少有人关注金融监管机构,尤其是银行监管机构的独立性。后者经常被当成中央银行不可或缺的一部分,但并不是全部机构都是如此。
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