Despite an increasingly challenging economic and geopolitical environment, the global economy performed better than expected over the past year. But although analysts’ projections for 2023 were too pessimistic, it appears that consensus forecasts for the coming year may have have swung too far in the opposite direction.
worries that domestic political divisions and market volatility could exacerbate financial vulnerabilities.
If COP28 is to be judged a success, the UAE, as the summit’s host, and other hydrocarbon producers should promise to dedicate some of the windfall oil and gas profits they earned last year to accelerating the green transition in the Global South. Doing so could encourage historic and current emitters to pay their fair share.
urges oil-exporting countries to kickstart a program of green investment in the Global South at COP28.
苏黎世—国际货币基金组织(IMF)复活了一项旧技术——这项技术在20世纪80年代的拉丁美洲债务危机时期经常用到,能让希腊避免下个月对欧洲债务人的偿债违约。希腊获得苟延残喘也给了IMF及其欧洲合作伙伴理顺解决困难重重的希腊的增长和预算前景的技术区别的时间。但IMF的优雅的妥协将给希腊带来巨大的债务积压;要想降低债务,欧洲必须找到办法暂时将国家政治抛在一边,根据经济逻辑和必要性采取行动。
欧洲和IMF一直在希腊债务可持续性问题的两种观点之间无法形成妥协,而双方的差异已经蔓延到公共领域。欧洲当局的指导思想主要是现金流分析,它们认为,低利率和长期限让国家的债务实现可持续。但IMF指出,希腊债务存量接近GDP的200%,拖累了投资和资本流入。对IMF来说,有意义的减债才是建立信心和信誉的关键,而信心和信誉又是让希腊打破长期贫困化的必要条件。
这不是希腊的两大债权人之间的唯一分歧。它们在一些关键性经济预测的现实性上也存在不同,包括增长与政府预算之间的重要联系,欧洲对前景的态度要乐观得多。
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