Kenneth Rogoff, Professor of Economics and Public Policy at Harvard University and recipient of the 2011 Deutsche Bank Prize in Financial Economics, was the chief economist of the International Monetary Fund from 2001 to 2003. He is co-author of This Time is Different: Eight Centuries of Financial Folly (Princeton University Press, 2011) and author of The Curse of Cash (Princeton University Press, 2016).
美国剑桥—当前创纪录低水平的主要货币利率可以维持多久?美国、英国和德国十年期均在以前不可想象的1.5%水平徘徊。在日本,十年期利率已经降至0.8%以下。全球投资者显然愿意接受超低利率,及时这无法补偿预期通胀。事实上,美国通胀调整国债(即所谓的“TIPS”,最高15年)利率目前正处于负水平。
这一反常状态稳定吗?在极短的短期,答案是肯定的;事实上,利率还可以进一步下降。但在较长时期,这一状态显然是不稳定的。
三大因素导致了当前的低收益率。首先,最重要的是,存在“全球储蓄过剩”。这一概念由美联储现任主席伯南克在2005年的一次演讲中提出。出于多种原因,储蓄者在诸多地区占据了主导地位。在德国和日本,老龄化人口需要储蓄应对退休。在中国,政府持有安全债券作为对冲未来银行危机的手段,当然,这也是稳定汇率的副产品。
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