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发自纽约——在过去的25年中,全世界有将近12亿人摆脱了贫困,同时营养不良以及因空气污染致死的风险也有所下降。合起来看这些成就简直就是奇迹。然而目前也存在着两种可能减缓脱贫势头的全球性趋势。
首先是民族主义者对自由贸易的抵制。不断上升的贸易保护主义正在损害经济增长——甚至蔓延到了那些本该受益于更开放全球贸易体系的全球最贫穷国家。假设长期停滞的多哈回合全球贸易谈判能最终谈妥,到2030年可使世界每年增加11万亿美元的财富并使1.45亿人摆脱贫困。
但自由贸易也不是免费的,为此政府应当拿出更多的钱来支持富裕国家中的脆弱群体。更何况这些成本远远不及自由贸易给消费者和生产者带来的收益。可见反对自由贸易是与经济现实背道而驰的。
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