China’s exceptional growth in recent decades has influenced the education and career choices of young people and their families. But now that high-skilled jobs are drying up and recent graduates are struggling to find work, there is a growing mismatch between expectations and new realities.
argues that the rise in joblessness among young people does not spell economic apocalypse for China.
Since 1960, only a few countries in Latin America have narrowed the gap between their per capita income and that of the United States, while most of the region has lagged far behind. Making up for lost ground will require a coordinated effort, involving both technocratic tinkering and bold political leadership.
explain what it will take finally to achieve economic convergence with advanced economies.
坎布里奇—美国和中国之间的贸易冲突正愈演愈烈。美国率先发难,对钢和铝征收高额关税,此后,美国政府又准备对1,333种中国进口商品(去年进口总值大约500亿美元)征收25%的关税,以惩罚它所认为的中国在过去几十年中的窃取知识产权的行为。中国也进行了反击,准备对一系列美国商品(价值也在500亿美元左右)征收25%的关税。为了回应他所谓的“不公平关系”,据说美国总统特朗普正在考虑一组新的关税,覆盖另外1,000亿美元左右的中国进口商品。经济学家和市场分析师都在竭尽全力设想接下来会发生什么。
想必你很容易会去历史经验中寻找线索。但从当今经济、政治和社会条件看,历史也许绝非好指南。更有用的洞见来自博弈论,它能帮助我们确定这一关税往来最终会演变为带来更多“合作博弈”(更自由、更公平的贸易)的策略姿态,还是发展成更广规模的“非合作博弈”(全方位贸易战)。这个问题的答案将对经济、政策和市场前景造成巨大影响。
近几十年中贸易的迅速扩张产生了一个生产和消费的跨国互相依存网络。供应链的国际联系与国内联系一样多,而内需的很大一部分也需要通过部分或完全在国外生产的产品来满足。随着科技创新进一步降低生产者和消费者的进入壁垒,这些联系的发生也变得更加容易,进一步加深了已经错综复杂的跨国关系和依存。
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