Neither the invasion of Ukraine nor the deepening cold war between the West and China came out of the blue. The world has been increasingly engaged over the past half-decade, or longer, in a struggle between two diametrically opposed systems of governance: open society and closed society.
frames the war in Ukraine as the latest battle for open-society ideals – one that implicates China as well.
Shlomo Ben-Ami
highlights the lessons countries like China and Iran are drawing from Vladimir Putin’s aggression, offers advice to Ukrainian peace negotiators, and considers the wisdom of Finland and Sweden's NATO membership.
Calls for a decisive Ukrainian victory have been growing as Russia’s military incompetence continues to be exposed. But with the world teetering on the edge of recession and the developing world facing a spiral of hunger and forced migration, it would be a grave error to dismiss those calling for a negotiated peace.
urges those not directly involved in the war to help the combatants envisage the terms of a negotiated peace.
纽约—本世纪以来,美联储在提高联邦基金利率时始终坚持渐进主义。其上一次一次性加息 50 个基点是在2000年5月,此后其政策目标(现在叫做目标区间)每次只提高25个基点。它并不总是这样。在 982年底转向利率目标后,美联储有一次将联邦基金利率上调了 1% 以上,另有三次上调了 75 个基点,九次上调了 50 个基点。
相比之下,在 2007-09 年金融危机前夕,从 2003 年 6 月到 2006 年 6 月,美联储通过17 次按时加息,每次加息 25 个基点,将政策利率从 1% 提高到 5.25%。而在 2015 年 12 月开始的最新一次加息周期中,美联储目标区间的上限九次上调 25 个基点,从 0.25% 升至 2018 年 12 月的峰值 2.5%。
但美联储在降息时并没有那么渐进。从 2019 年 8 月开始,美联储用三次降息25个基点的动作开始了将有效下限拉回0.25%的过程,随后在2020年3月的计划外会议上降息50个基点,在2020年3月15日的计划外会议上又降息100个基点。
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