From semiconductors to electric vehicles, governments are identifying the strategic industries of the future and intervening to support them – abandoning decades of neoliberal orthodoxy in the process. Are industrial policies the key to tackling twenty-first-century economic challenges or a recipe for market distortions and lower efficiency?
布鲁塞尔—在欧元区危机日益扩大、去年欧盟峰会做出决定——特别是欧盟领导人承诺朝《通往真正的经济和货币联盟》(Towards a Genuine Economic and Monetary Union)之路——之后,当务之急是问问,接下来该怎么做。不管最后结果如何,当前危机都将从根本上改变欧洲一体化的未来。
在最坏情形中,欧洲主权债务危机将导致欧元区解体,这将立刻给欧盟本身造成负面冲击。幸运的是,这一情形发生的可能性仍然极低——加入和未加入欧元区的欧盟国家似乎急切地意欲避免该情形所隐含的严重经济、金融、政治和社会后果。但基础性分裂的可能性正在与日俱增,如今,我们已经不能保证不会发生这种事情。
与此同时,各成员国似乎也不可能已经准备好也有能力迈出一大步、组成“欧罗巴合众国”——即形成一个真正意义上的联邦实体,欧盟各国同意交出前所未有程度的国家主权。
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