At the end of European Communism, there was a widespread, euphoric hope that freedom and democracy would bring a better life; eventually, though, many lost that hope. The problem, under both Communism and the new liberal dispensation, was that those pursuing grand social projects had embraced ideology instead of philosophy.
considers what an Albanian Marxist philosopher can tell us about liberty in today's world.
For the US, Slovakia's general election may produce another unreliable allied government. But instead of turning a blind eye to such allies, as President Joe Biden has been doing with Poland, or confronting them with an uncompromising stance, the US should spearhead efforts to help mend flawed democracies.
reflect on the outcome of Slovakia's general election in the run-up to Poland's decisive vote.
伦敦—新冠几乎伤害了每一个发达国家,但事实上,许多发达国家的生活水平多年来一直停滞不前或有所下降。众多指标都突显出这一趋势,但最能说明问题也许来自经合组织 (OECD),报告表明其成员国2010年以来家庭中位净财富减少了4%。
难怪近些年来,发达经济体经历了周期性的愤怒爆发——从特朗普的选举和2016年英国脱欧公投,到随后法国的 "黄背心"(Gilets jaunes) 抗议活动以及两个反建制政党上台执政的意大利选举。尽管发生了这些动荡,但民主崩溃的预言尚未得到证实。相反,建制派已重新建制。
每当愤怒的公众让政治冒险家掌权时,后者暴露自己对人们的问题其实束手无策只是时间问题。因此,人们不应过多地解读"民粹主义"治理的失败。从历史上看,民粹主义者往往在外部更有效,他们可以帮助主流政治家将注意力集中在他们更想回避的问题上。
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