Rather than seeing themselves as the arbiters of divine precepts, Supreme Court justices after World War II generally understood that constitutional jurisprudence must respond to the realities of the day. Yet today's conservatives have seized on the legacy of one of the few justices who did not.
considers the complicated legacy of a progressive jurist whom conservatives now champion.
In October 2022, Chileans elected a far-left constitutional convention which produced a text so bizarrely radical that nearly two-thirds of voters rejected it. Now Chileans have elected a new Constitutional Council and put a far-right party in the driver’s seat.
blames Chilean President Gabriel Boric for the rapid rise of the authoritarian populist José Antonio Kast.
发自纽约—我已经写了多篇文章去讨论欧盟发行永续债券的可取性。但在今天这篇文章中我会建议各个成员国都发行这样的债券。
由于目前成员国之间存在过大分歧,所以欧盟不可能发行永久债券。波兰和匈牙利否决了下一轮欧盟预算和新型冠状病毒复苏基金,所谓的节俭五国(奥地利、丹麦、芬兰,荷兰和瑞典)对存钱的兴趣要比为共同利益做贡献更为浓厚,而投资者只会购买他们认为在可预见的将来依然存续的实体所发行的永续债券。18世纪(发行统一公债时)的英国和19世纪(合并各州债务时)的美国都是如此。可悲的是,今天的欧盟还未实现这种状况。
欧盟目前正处于一个非常艰难的境地。它正在遭遇可能比前一波更具破坏性的第二波新型冠状病毒感染潮;成员国也都把绝大部分财政资源花在了应对第一波冲击上;提供医疗保健和复苏经济所需的资金规模远远超出了总额为1.8万亿欧元(折合2.2万亿美元)的“下一代欧盟(Next Generation EU)”新预算和复苏基金;而匈牙利和波兰的否决又拖了这些拨款的后腿。
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