Peter Singer, Professor of Bioethics at Princeton University, is Founder of the nonprofit organization The Life You Can Save. His books include
Animal Liberation, Practical Ethics, The Ethics of What We Eat (with Jim Mason), Rethinking Life and Death, The Point of View of the Universe, co-authored with Katarzyna de Lazari-Radek, The Most Good You Can Do, Famine, Affluence, and Morality, One World Now, Ethics in the Real World, Why Vegan?, and Utilitarianism: A Very Short Introduction, also with Katarzyna de Lazari-Radek. In April 2021, W.W. Norton published his new edition of Apuleius’s The Golden Ass. In 2013, he was named the world's third "most influential contemporary thinker" by the Gottlieb Duttweiler Institute.
发自牛津——道德判断有对错之分吗?或者说,伦理根本只是一种任由个人选择的纯粹主观事物?又或者,伦理可能取决于个人身处社会的文化状况?对于这些问题,我们可能刚刚才找到答案。
在哲学圈里,那种认为道德判断包含了客观真理的观点早在1930年就被宣布为过时了,因为逻辑实证主义者认为似乎没有任何方法能证实道德判断的真实性,而这种判断只不过是我们自身感受和态度的一种表述罢了。比如当我们说“你不应该打那小孩”,我们所做的仅仅是表达了对你打小孩行为的不认同,或者是鼓励你不要打他,至于你打孩子究竟是对是错,则并无真理可言。
尽管这种伦理观点经常受到挑战,但大部分反对意见都来自于那些只会引用神谕的宗教思想家,因此在高度世俗化的西方哲学里没什么市场。另一种对客观真理的辩护观点并未诉诸于宗教,但在反对流行哲学观点方面也没有太大进展。
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