Given strong odds that we will face another pandemic, the international community is rightly engaged in discussions about how to do better next time. But the latest United Nations agreement on the issue offers mere platitudes, rather than the kind of concrete measures needed to stay ahead of a new pathogen.
explains what governments need to do to demonstrate that they are taking the threat seriously.
While China was an early mover in regulating generative AI, it is also highly supportive of the technology and the companies developing it. Chinese AI firms might even have a competitive advantage over their American and European counterparts, which are facing strong regulatory headwinds and proliferating legal challenges.
thinks the rules governing generative artificial intelligence give domestic firms a competitive advantage.
华盛顿—欧盟委员会(European Commission)最近公布的《数字服务法案》(Digital Services Act)表明,世界各地的立法者正迫切着手解决极端主义、不实信息和网络操控;他们这样做有着充足的理由——这些行为在近年以来已经损害了数字网络的生态系统,歪曲了公众话语并加剧了意见分裂。然而,立法者的努力也存在一定风险。规范网络领域的法规既可以促进包容公开的辩论,以推动民主建设,也可能遭到滥用,从而限制言论自由。
幸运的是,国际人权法指明了法规的设立原则;在指导之下,网络法规既可以铲除有害内容,也能促进言论自由。为阐明这一过程,我们所在的组织——全球网络倡议(GNI)最近召集了来自各个行业和人权界的专家,研究了十几个国家的内容监管法规,并对此提出了相关建议。
内容监管法规必须遵循的第一项人权原则是“合法性”(legality),它强调需要通过民主程序来明确监管内容的定义。 例如,坦桑尼亚的监管法规禁止“引起烦扰”的在线内容,及其他定义含糊的危害,却没有对监管内容有明确的定义。如果不明确什么内容是禁止的、什么是允许的,政府将尽可能地扩张其限制言论的权力;同时,用户不知道什么是合法行为;法院和公司也难以公平地执行法规。
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