Kenneth Rogoff, Professor of Economics and Public Policy at Harvard University and recipient of the 2011 Deutsche Bank Prize in Financial Economics, was the chief economist of the International Monetary Fund from 2001 to 2003. He is co-author of This Time is Different: Eight Centuries of Financial Folly (Princeton University Press, 2011) and author of The Curse of Cash (Princeton University Press, 2016).
坎布里奇—中国和美国正在进行最新一轮贸易纠葛,大部分经济学家理所当然地认为,从长期看中国将实现全球经济支配,不管现在的情况怎样。毕竟,中国人口是美国的四倍,在经历了几个世纪的技术停滞后痛下决心要实现赶超,因此,中国决定性地接过经济霸权的大王旗是不可避免的吗?
我没有那么确定,许多经济学家,包括很多将中国庞大的劳动力视为决定性优势的经济学家,同时也担心机器人和人工智能最终将接管大部分岗位,而大部分人类将把时间用在休闲活动上。
到底会怎样?一百年后谁会接管?中国工人还是机器人?如果机器人和人工智能成为下个世纪生产的主要推动力,也许有太多人口需要照顾——特别是同时还需要通过限制互联网和信息渠道来实现控制——对中国更多地是一个阻碍因素。中国人口的迅速老龄化则加剧了这一挑战。
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